Application and Developmental Strategies for Community-Based Injury Prevention Programs of the International Safe Communities Movement in Korea

PURPOSE: Safety of humans is an important factor that affects health overall, and injuries are one of the major public-health problems in the world. The purposes of this study were to describe the International safe Community movement which contributes to the injury prevention and safety promotion all over the world, and to identify out the application and developmental strategies for Korea. METHODS: A review was done of previous research, reviews, and reports on the history, concepts, basic principles, and recommendations for actions of the Safe Community. RESULTS: For this study, the application strategies of the International Safe Community movement in Korea were examined to deduce the strengths of the safe Community program. Community-based injury prevention work according to the International Safe Community model is a successful and cost-effective way of reducing injuries in the community. CONCLUSION: Through the International Safe Community program, communities are able to realize a healthy community and achieve improved quality of lives for the people, which is the ultimate objective of the Safe Community model. In addition, it will contribute to the economic vitalization and gain through energy and enhancement of productivity of people.

Effects of Community-based Comprehensive Fall Prevention Program on Muscle Strength, Postural Balance and Fall Efficacy in Elderly People

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study was to develop a comprehensive community-based fall prevention program and to test the effects of the program on the muscle strength, postural balance and fall efficacy for elderly people. METHODS: The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 28 participants in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. The program consisted of balance exercises, elastic resistance exercises and prevention education. The program was provided five times a week for 8 weeks and each session lasted 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using chi2-test, independent t-test and paired t-test using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Muscle strength of the lower extremities, postural balance and fall efficacy scores significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that this program can improve lower extremity muscle strength, postural balance and fall efficacy in elders. Therefore, this program is recommended for use in fall prevention programs for elders living in the community.

Effects of Diazepam on Restraint Stress-induced Fos Expression in the Rat Brain / 신경정신의학

This study was conducted to Identify the effects of diazepam on stress-induced c-fos expression In rat brain. The rats were divided into 4 groups according to injection agents [0.9% isotonic saline 1ml, diazepam(5 mg/kg)] and restraint stress, respectively. Saline or diazepam was injected into the peritoneum of rats 10 minutes before the restraint groups were restrained in a wire chamber. Fos-immunoreactive neurons were calculated in the hippocampal area CA2, dentate gyrus, amygdalohippocampal area, paraventricular nucleus, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, supramammillary nucleus, temporal cortex area 3, occipital cortex area 2, piriform cortex, and cingulate cortex area 3. The results were as follows: 1) In the hippocampal formation including hippocampal area CA2 and dentate gyrus, Fos expression increased significantly in the saline-injected restraint animals than in any other groups. A two-way factorial ANOVA retreated a significant erects of stress and diazepam, and a significant stress by diazepam interaction. 2) In amygdalohippocampal area, Fos expression increased significantly in the saline-injected restraint animals than in diazepam-injected animals. A two-way factorial ANOVA revealed a significant effects of stress and diazepam, but no significant Interaction of stress and diazepam. 3) In paraventricular nucleus, Fos expression increased significantly in the saline-injected restraint animals than in saline-Injected animals and diazepam-injected animals. A two-way factorial ANOVA revealed a significant effects of stress, no significant effects of diazepam, and no significant Interaction of stress and diazepam. 4) In ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, Fos expression Increased significantly in the saline-injected restraint animals than in diazepam-Infected animals and diazepam-injected restraint animals. A two-way factorial ANOVA revealed a significant effects of diazepam, no significant effects of stress, and no significant interaction of stress and diazepam. 5) In supramammillary nucleus, temporal cortex area 3, occipital cortex area 2, piriform cortex, and cingulate cortex area 3, there was no significant difference of Fos expression in each group. A two-way factorial ANOVA revealed no significant effects of stress and diazepam, and no significant interaction of stress and diazepam. These results suggest that the hippocampal formation is involved in the response to the stress and the tension reduction effect of diazepam.

CT Findings of Isthmic Spondylolisthesis and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the finding useful for differential diagnosis and associated abnormalities of isthmic spondylolisthesis and degenerative spondylolisthesis on CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the CT images of 164 patients who were diagnosed spondylolisthesis. One hundred twelve patients had isthmic spondylolisthesis and 52 patients had degenerative spondylolisthesis. RESULTS: Isthmic spondylolisthesis mostfrequently occurred at L5. The degree of anterior displacement was grade I and II. The defect had a horizontal plane, an irregular surface, a sclerotic margin, and protruding hypertrophic bony spur in the spinal canal. The most frequently associated structural abnormality was a herniated nucleus pulposus at the upper level of the defect. Degenerative spondylolisthesis most frequently occurred at L4-5 and were grade I. The degenerative facet joint had a vertical plane, a hypertrophic bony spur, and a vacuum facet phenomenon. We frequently detected apseudobulging disk. The most frequently associated structural abnormality was a herniated nucleus pulposus at the level of the displacement. CONCLUSION: In spondylolisthesis, the findings in CT were valuable for differential diagnosis of isthmic and degenerative types and the detection of associated symptomatic abnormalities.

Pachydermoperiostosis / 대한정형외과학회잡지

No abstract available.

A Case of Subretinal Cysticercosis Associated with Subcutaneous Nodules

A new case of the recently experienced intraocular cysticercosis associated with multiple skin lesions (subcutaneous nodules) is presented. Clinical picture of this case was characteristic with bizarre shape retinal hemorrhage, and clinical diagnosis was possible by the fluorescein angiography of fundus. Trans-scleral extraction of the subretinal cysticercus was performed successfully without rupture of a cyst-capsule through the infero-temporal quadrant of sclera near to the equator of right eye. Diagnosis of ocular cysticercosis was confirmed by histo-parasitological examination on the extracted cyst of 5 x 7 mm in size. Oral medication is generally not amenable treatment for the intraocular cysticercosis, and less traumatic surgical removal is the only effective method for the improvement of visual function or preservation of the eye itself. The immense review of literatures on the ocular cysticercosis including the subretinal invas ion was attempted.